Obtaining reliable estimation and information about particulate matters (PM) with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micron is crucial. This is due to the PM10 serious negative impact on human health and environment. Therefore، studying the concentration and spatial pattern of the PM10 in urban cities، especially populated and industrial cities، has become a popular an important subject for researchers. For this purpose، several pollution stations have been established in different part of cities. These stations have the capability of measuring and recording the concentration amount of various pollutant including PM10، PM2. 5، and etc. however، pollution stations can measure the concentration amount of various stations precisely، their measurements are not spatially connected and only spars point observations are provided. One of mostly used and efficient methods to solve this problem is to use remote sensing data. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol contribution to apparent reflectance (ACR) are two mostly used remote sensing data which have been used to study the concentration and spatial pattern of PM10. In this study، we have adopted to use ACR images instead of AOD based on three reasons including their higher spatial resolution، spatially connected (without any gap)، and at last the absence of aerosol robotic network (AERONET) for AOD retrieved values evaluation in our study area. ACR images can be generated though a relation using red and SWIR (2. 1 µ m) bands. In particular، we can estimate the surface reflectance (SR) of the Red band from top of atmosphere reflectance (TOAR) of the SWIR (2. 1 µ m) band. This is possible based on an assumption that the aerosol’ s effect on SWIR band is negligible because of its higher wavelength. After the estimation of Red band SR، the difference between Red band SR and TOAR can be an illustration of the amount of atmospheric reflectance. In this study، moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) level-1B images identified as MOD02HKM with 500 m spatial resolution for 12 days over Tehran، Iran have been utilized. Their corresponding ground measurements of PM10 concentration from 13 pollution stations spread have been used. We have used artificial neural networks to develop the model to estimate the PM10 concentration from ACR data. This has been done in two different approaches including daily modeling (each day separately) and overall modeling (using 12 days data together). Artificial neural networks with one، two، and three hidden layers and sigmoid transfer function using the levenberg-marquardt algorithm are employed to model the relation between ACR values and corresponding PM10 concentration. Also، pollution maps are generated to investigate the spatial pattern of the PM10. In daily modeling artificial neural networks with one، two، and three layer(s) achieved 0. 769، 0. 806، and 0. 848 R2 values respectively، representing the higher capabilities of artificial neural networks with more hidden layer. However، it should be noted that the increase in the number of hidden layer will result in overfitting of the model to the training part of data. Finally، the overall modeling using artificial neural networks with one، two، and three hidden layer(s) obtained 0. 412، 0. 499، 0. 503 R2 values.

Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

The North Atlantic region is always exposed to severe storms, which are considered one of the most severe natural hazards in the climate field, and every year they cause serious damage to the economic infrastructure and human casualties in the areas affected by this event. These storms can help in the analysis and crisis management plans of this hazard and land preparation. The development of data collection and data mining technologies enables a more detailed study of this phenomenon. This issue requires the use of simple and efficient methods to investigate the behavior and extract the pattern from the database of this phenomenon. In this research, using spatial statistics methods, the trend of changes in the movement of tropical storms in the North Atlantic Ocean and the identification of their governing patterns in the period of 1995-2015 have been analyzed. The obtained results confirm the cluster pattern governing this phenomenon and that the occurrence of storms are not random events and follow spatial and temporal patterns in the studied area. The pattern of storms has a cluster pattern with the maximum value of the average value of the nearest neighborhood of 0. 74 and the minimum value of 0. 47. Also, the value of the general Moran index, the highest and the lowest correlation and clustering were calculated in 2006 with an index number of 0. 66 and 2009 with an index number of 0. 12 respectively, and a map of clusters and non-clusters and hot spots was prepared. With a better understanding of the patterns governing the movement of storms, it is possible to reduce possible damages caused by storms. Based on this, as a suggestion for future research, it is possible to include the effect of other parameters such as temperature, water salinity, and atmospheric general circulation systems, which play a significant role in the distribution of the distribution of the occurrence of storms, in the modeling and data mining of storms and get results closer to reality. Finally, as a useful research, the results of clusters and hot spots can be used in predicting the movement of storms in the future.

This article explores the use of independent component analysis (ICA) approach to design a new EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) for natural control of prosthetic hand grasp. ICA is a useful technique that allows blind separation of sources, linearly mixed, assuming only the statistical independence of these sources. This suggests the possibility of using ICA to separate different independent brain activities during motor imagery into separate components. This work provides a natural basis for developing an efficient BCI based on single-source data obtained by independent component analysis of multi-channel EEG. The tasks to be discriminated are the imagination of hand grasping and opening and the resting state. Aclassifier is designed for each EEG channel and each source, separately. The features are formed from the 1-s interval of single source computed by ICA and of single-channel EEG data, during each trial of experiment. The mean absolute value, variance, power of beta band, theta band, and alpha band, 1 Hz-spectral components at different frequency band and autoregressive coefficients of order 17 constitute the features. Various feature vectors are formed and are fed into the neural network classifier. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) with back-propagation learning rule is used. The MLP network considered in this study consists of two hidden layers each containing hyperbolic tangent units and two output nodes. The networks were trained with data obtained during 50% of the experimental trials and were validated with data obtained during the subsequent trials. During the training, the feature vector is randomly selected from the training sets and then fed into the network. The learning process is stopped when it is apparent that the generalization performance has peaked. To assess the robustness of the proposed scheme in EEG classification, two different data sets are created for training and evaluating the network. For each of the two data sets obtained during each experiment day, a neural network is trained and evaluated. Then the results are averaged. We observe that single-source which is computed by ICA improved the EEG classification accuracy compared to the Single channel EEG data.

Background: Stress is a migraine trigger. Anxiety sensitivity as a mediator between stress and disease is one of the factors affecting the symptoms of migraine. Purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on anxiety sensitivity in patients with migraine.Methods: In this semi experimental study, 36 patients with migraine were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. Patients of experimental group received EMDR therapy, 3 sessions of 90 minutes within three weeks. Control group did not receive any medical or psychological intervention. Participants in both groups were evaluated with Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory- Revised (ASI-R) during pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up.Findings: The analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing reduces anxiety sensitivity (P<0.05) in patients.Conclusion: The results suggest that EMDR can be considered as one of the therapies for migraine headaches.

Horizontal development of the cities has resulted in much destruction environmentally and economically. Two of the major consequences of such destruction is imbalanced development and inappropriate application of lands in the cities that are referred brownfield in this article. Brownfield in the urban planning jargon, a brownfield site (or simply a brownfield), is a type of land formerly used for industrial purposes or some commercial applications. The brownfield concept was first introduced by the British government and was used in accordance with the sustainable development policies which is mostly focused on the environmentally polluted lands. In the last two decades, redevelopment policies of brownfield as a crucial practical solution for preventing disperse growth of cities and also supporting the concentrated growth of cities have been attracted more attention. The main features of the brownfields are: -1 Pollution: each land in which an environmental complication has the occurrence probability. -2 Empty and leaved without using and in general lands and properties that their activities have been closed or not been used anymore. Of course, some of the terms that must be separated from the brownfield areas are: greenfields and grayfields.Greenfields are those lands that previously has not been developed and often are rural or suburban. These green sites are located in the edge of small or large cities and have better accessibility and more palatability with additional space for future development.The term gray field, was defined in 1998 by new urbanism congress. Unlike the famous terms of greenfields (the rural undeveloped) and brownfields (polluted urban sites), the gray lands are called to the large undeveloped sites that have good reasons for redevelopment. The term of grayfield can be used to describe any kind of redevelopment that significantly is not polluted. But regarding the importance of environmental protection and sustainable development and realization their policies, it is essential to eliminate or reduce the environmental pollutions purposefully to achieve the redevelopment of brownfields.For the sake of importance and novelty of the subject, redevelopment of Brownfield with the objective of efficient applications of lands in cities and reducing the environmental pollution and also improving the social-economical context of these fields is the subject of this article. Brownfield of Kan stream in Tehran was selected as the case study. The field was selected as it is one of the few major barren Brownfield in Tehran. They are not only in the leaved brownfields but also regarding the river-valley nature, the fields has specific ecological and tourism features. Unfortunately, due to lack of planning and management, these brownfields have been converted to the locations of rubbish depot and uncontrolled polluted waters and therefore infected with the environmental pollution. The methodology of this article is descriptive analytical using library studies. After studying the theoretical framework, defining features of brownfield, literature review, objectives and the importance and of these fields, the redevelopment process of Kan stream Brownfield are presented. Finally, the conclusion and analysis of the actions are conducted in redevelopment of brownfield with social, economical and tourism approach.After comprehensive studies, in order to determine the kind of landuses in Kan brownfields, establishing a national and even an international performance scale park is designated as the planning vision. In this context, the objectives of the redevelopment planning process Kan brownfield included: creating a touristic space to enhance the region›s tourism identity, planning with emphasis on providing recreational services for all social classes, such as children, elderly people and women and people with disabilities (all divisions with regard to sex, age and physical aspects), strengthening of the relationship between people and nature and to replacing normal social activities and improvement environmental conditions; Developing ecotourism in urban environment regarding and it s benefits beyond natural landscapes, enhancing green space for per capita in Tehran city and attainment to the standard limits for environment qualities by using marginal lands and rivers sanctums. steel plates. In addition these bars are pre- tensioned by means of cable passing through them in order to behave properly to the applied forces.The way that the bars are moved through the retraction process and the function of the building effects on the selection of the covering materials. In this structure, as the distance between the bars is changed during the deployment process it is required to use a flexible but strong material that can resist repeated retraction. Therefore, a flexible membrane that is strong enough during movement and has a proper foldability such as ETFE is one of the best alternatives for covering the roof. ETFE is also able to penetrate enough light inside of the building when the roof is in fully closed position and this in turn reduce the energy required for running the building.The membrane is also attached to the bars though the slots that have already been created during fabrication and is fasted by means of pinned curve plate. This is also worth to mention that in this structure, the placement of the moveable components underneath the covering material support the whole structure even in severe weather conditions. Therefore, this increase the life cycle of the system and decrease the maintenance cost.In summary, this paper proposes a new solution for a retractable curved roof system that can not only be transformed from an open to closed configuration but is also able to support itself structurally even during movement and transformation. In other word, the structural and transformable components are integrated and are able to make the whole structure stable during transformation.

Particle Flow Code in Two Dimensions (PFC2D) was used in order to examine the influence of single tunnel and twin tunnel on the collapse pattern and maximum ground movement. Since first PFC was calibrated by the experiments, the results obtained were rendered by a uniaxial test. Further, a rectangular model with dimensions of 100 m ˟ 100 m containing both the central tunnel and twin tunnel was built. The center of the single tunnel was placed 25 m under the ground surface, and its diameter changed from 10 m to 35 m with an increment of 5 m. The center of the twin tunnel was situated 25 m under the ground surface, and its diameter was changed from 10 m to 30 m with an increment of 5 m. For measurement of the vertical displacement, one measuring circle with a 2 m diameter was opted on the ground surface above the tunnel roof. The average of the vertical movement of discs covered in these circles was determined as a ground settlement. A confining pressure of 0. 01 MPa was applied on the model. The uniaxial compression strength was 0/09 MPa; the results obtained depicted that the tunnel diameter controlled the extension of the collapse zone. Also the vertical displacement at the roof of the tunnel declined by decreasing the tunnel diameter. The ground settlement increased by increasing the tunnel diameter.

Background: Hand tremor is one of the consequences of MS disease degrading quality of patient’, s life. Recently DBS is used as a prominent treatment to reduce this effect. Evaluation of this approach has significant importance because of the prevalence rate of disease. Objective: The purpose of this study was the nonlinear analysis of tremor signal in order to evaluate the quantitative effect of DBS on reducing MS tremor and differentiating between them using pattern recognition algorithms. Material and Methods: In this analytical study, nine features were extracted from the tremor signal. Through statistical analysis, the significance level of each feature was examined. Finally, tremor signals were categorized by SVM, weighted KNN and NN classifiers. The performance of methods was compared with an ROC graph. Results: The results have demonstrated that dominant frequency, maximum amplitude and energy of the first IMF, deviation of the direct path, sample entropy and fuzzy entropy have the potential to create a significant difference between the tremor signals. The classification accuracy rate of tremor signals in three groups for Weighted KNN, NN and SVM with Gaussian and Quadratic kernels resulted in 95. 1%, 93. 2%, 91. 3% and 88. 3%, respectively. Conclusion: Generally, nonlinear and nonstationary analyses have a high potential for a quantitative and objective measure of MS tremor. Weighted KNN has shown the best performance of classification with the accuracy of more than 95%. It has been indicated that DBS has a positive influence on reducing the MS tremor. Therefore, DBS can be used in the objective improvement of tremor in MS patients.

Investigation of particle movement pattern in Vortex Settling Basin based on particle tracking technique1. Elnaz Mehrabani/ M.Sc student in Water Structures, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.2. Ali Naghi Ziaei/ Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.3. Neda Sheikh Rezazadeh Nikou/ Postdoctoral researcher, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.4. Mahmoodreza Golzarian/ Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.Introduction The quality of water required for agriculture, industry, drinking, etc., has made it necessary for the solids particle in the water flow to enter its permissible level in irrigation and drainage or urban water networks. The Vortex Settling Basin (VSB) makes use of the vortex flow inside the chamber for the separation of sediment particles from the flow.Elaborate studies have been made on investigation flow pattern at VSB that includes: (Paul, 1988 and 1991; Athar et al., 2003; Gheisi, et al, 2006; Ziaei et al., 2007; Chapokpour et al., 2011; Mulligan et al, 2016; Rehman et al., 2017; Huang et al., 2017; S. R. Nikou et al., 2021).Elaborate studies in hydraulic sciences apply particle tracking and image processing method for investigation ( Sun et al., 2015; Shin et al., 2016; Mulligan et al., 2016 and 2018; Rosberry et al., 2019; Witz et al., 2018; Duinmeijer et al., 2019).The investigation of vortex flow is very sensitive to measuring instruments, for example, ADV, which is the most common instrument for measuring the velocity, increases disturbance of flow. Therefore, it is recommended to use the non-interference particle tracking method to measure velocity components.Methodology The experiments were performed in the hydraulic laboratory of the water science and engineering department at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran on an acrylic laboratory setup. Spherical particles with a relative density of 1.41, at distances of 37 cm and 1.5 m from the chamber (sediment injection site in the study of Athar et al., (2003)) and in these two longitudinal distances, left at 9 points and each experiment is repeated 5 times (Figure 2).In this research, two iPhone 7 Plus cameras have been used for taking photos. The camera of this phone has one of the most advanced cameras in terms of expertise and technology. In this study, due to the high volume of data at different points, image processing is presented in the highest probability of trapping (point 4), the position of this point is as follows: 5 cm from the floor, 2 cm from its right wall (sloping to the chamber), 18 cm from the sloping wall to the outlet channel and 6.5 cm to the water level. The input flow to the channel is 8 and 13.7 l/s.Results and Discussion The highest probability of trapping for a particle at two longitudinal distances is at point 4 with a probability of 60%. The process of particle displacement and the time series of three velocity diagrams in the vortex settling basin of the present study are sinusoidal. In sections 150°-210° and 330°-30°, the particle is inclined toward the wall and in other sections, it is inclined toward the orifice, affected by the location of input and output channels (S. R. Nikou et al., 2021). There is a meaningful correlation between the two components vx and vy, and in almost all places where the x velocity component is extreme, in the same position y component is zero, and vice versa. This result is quite justifiable given the motion of vortex flow. The extreme values of the velocity component in the x direction become closer as they approach the orifice, indicating an increase in velocity near the orifice and the chamber floor and a smaller curved path around the vortex core. Notably, the absolute value of the maximum velocity in the x direction is 1.61 m/s and in the z direction is 0.13 m/s, which indicates that the particle tends to enter the orifice more in a rotating passage than falling position, having said that, centrifugal force is dominated over the action of dewatering. The mean relative error of water surface profiles by image processing method compared to laboratory data is estimated to be 0.002 and 1.36%, respectively, which confirms well with the experimental measurements.Conclusion The results showed that the distribution of the velocity components of the particle in all three dimensions has a sinusoidal trend. The higher value of the maximum velocity in the x-direction than the z-direction indicates the dominance of the centrifugal force over the dewatering operation in the vortex flow.According to the obtained results, particle tracking and image processing can be used as an accurate method with a higher operational speed to investigate the flow patterns and determine the water surface profile in vortex settling basins.KeywordsPTV, Particle tracking, Orifice at the center, Point gauge, Velocity distributions.